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genetic divergence
in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces based on Qualitative and
Quantitative Traits
Fazal Akbar1,
M. Ashiq Rabbani2,
Zabta KHAN Shinwari1*
AND SHAH JEHAN KHAN3
Abstract:
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the world’s oldest oil
crops and has been cultivated in Asia since ancient times. The
breeding potential of the germplasm accessions held in PGRP
gene-bank has hardly been exploited to date. This study was carried out
to evaluate the phenotypic variability in the local sesame genotypes
using 16 qualitative and quantitative traits. A total of 105 sesame
accessions collected from diverse ecologies of Pakistan were used. A
considerable level of variation was recorded for a number of morphologic
and agronomic traits, while limited diversity for observed among the
accessions for characters like stem hairiness, flower color (white with
purple shading), seed color and to some extent phyllody disease. The
correlation coefficient analysis indicated that plant height, capsules
plant-1, capsule length and 1000-seed weight had the
significant positive effect on seed yield. The characters related to
maturity, days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering showed
negative correlation with seed yield. Multivariate analysis was
performed in order to establish similarity and dissimilarity patterns.
Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that first three PC axes
explained 54.21% of the total multivariate variation, while the first
four PC axes explaining 63.64%. Plant height, days to maturity, capsules
plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 were the major
determinants of the genetic diversity in the collection. Cluster
analysis places all the accessions into seven groups. Clustering was not
associated with the geographical distribution instead accessions were
mainly grouped due to their morphological differences. Elite sesame
germplasm has been selected on the basis of best agro-morphological
performance from 105 sesame collections. These results have an important
suggestion for sesame germplasm agro-morphological assessment,
enhancement, categorization and conservation in Pakistan.
1Department
of Biotechnology,
Quaid-i-Azam
University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2Institute of Agri-Biotechnology & Genetic Resources, NARC, Islamabad,
Pakistan
3Plant
Breeding & Genetics Department,
Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
*Corresponding author’s
E-mail:
shinwari@qau.edu.pk
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