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HINA FAZAL1,2, ZABTA KHAN SHINWARI2, NISAR AHMAD3 AND BILAL HAIDER ABBASI2*

Abstract: Plant growth regulators (PGRs), polyamines (PAs) and temperature regimes are the key factors that influence morphogenesis and plant architectural development; however, the understanding that how these factors control plant growth and development is still poor and needs further research in Prunella vulgaris. In this study, we monitored the effect of these factors on seed germination, morphogenetic potential and secondary metabolism. Different temperature regimes showed that 25°C is the most suitable temperature for seed germination (88.87±1.76%) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. The synergistic combinations of kinetin (Kn), 6-benzyladenine (BA) and putrescine (PUT; 2.0 mg l-1) promoted seed germination (90.22±4.51%) after 24 days of inoculation. A combination of Kn and PUT (1.0 mg l-1) encouraged mean shoot length (11.0±1.95 mm) with the optimum amount of chlorophyll content (23.73±1.8 μg cm-2). However, maximum mean root length (13±0.65 mm) was observed on medium containing Kn and spermidine (SPD, 2.0 mg l-1). Maximum calli (71.56±2.63%) were obtained from root explants on ½ MS-medium containing indole butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.5 mg l-1). Higher number of shoots (78.5±3.75%) was obtained with Kn and PUT (1.0 mg l-1). IBA concentration of 1.0 mg l-1 was found effective for root formation (74.71±3.3%). Moreover, PGRs and PAs have a significant effect on accumulation of total phenolics, flavonoids and DPPH activity. This protocol is helpful for consistent plantlets and prunellin production in P. vulgaris L.

Key words: Prunella vulgaris; Seed germination; Micropropagation; Antioxidants; Phenolics; Flavonoids.