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Pak. J. Bot., 48(6): 2391-2398, 2016.

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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ESTIMATION OF GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF INDIGENOUS BUCKWHEAT GERMPLASM COLLECTED FROM GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN

ZAKIR H. FACHO¹*, FARHATULLAH¹, IFTIKHAR HUSSAIN KHALIL¹

NAQIB ULLAH KHAN AND SAJID ALI²

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan

² Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan

* Corresponding author’s email: zakirfacho@gmail.com

Abstract

A two-year study (2011 and 2012) was conducted at two locations (Skardu and Ghanche) of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan to characterize and estimate genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for 20 buckwheat genotypes collected from 18 locations of Gilgit - Baltistan, Pakistan. The GE interaction was studied using a set of six quantitative descriptors. Wide range of variations was recorded for flowering, maturity, plant height, 1000 grain weight, grains plant^-1 and grain yield ha^-1. Significant differences in locations for all traits were recorded. Years × locations interactions was also significant (p≤ 0.05) for all traits except grains plant^-1 and grain yield ha^-1. Similarly, genotype × location × year interaction existed for most of the traits except plant height, grains plant^-1 and grain yield ha^-1. The genotype Sh-914 (29.91 g) excelled in 1000-grain weight, followed by Rd-915 (27.04 g). Maximum grains plant^-1 were produced by Sh-914 (323.62) followed by the genotype Gh-918 (229.16). Maximum grain yield of 2010.27 kg ha^-1 was produced by genotype Sh-914, followed by the genotype Gh-918 (1910.40 kg ha^-1). Days to flowering, days to maturity, and 1000 grain weight were the major contributors towards genetic divergence among the buckwheat genotypes. Moderate to high estimates of broad-sense heritability and selection response were observed for traits at two test locations.

Cluster analysis based on morphological and yield related traits classified buckwheat genotypes of two species (Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum) into three main groups. The clustering pattern revealed that genotypes collected from the same location were grouped into different clusters. Data obtained on the basis of Dendrogram showed differences for various phenological and yield traits among buckwheat genotypes. Buckwheat genotypes Sh-914 and Gh-918 performed well at Skardu and Sh-914 and Rd-915 at Ghanche .The information on the existing genetic variability for morphological and yield component traits would serve as basis for genetic improvement in Buckwheat breeding programs.

Key words: Buckwheat, Morphological characterization, GE interaction, Gilgit - Baltistan