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Pak. J. Bot., 47(4): 1527-1533, 2015.

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COMPARATIVE  STUDIES ON CONVENTIONAL (WATER-HOT ACID) AND NON-CONVENTIONAL  (ULTRASONICATION)  PROCEDURES   FOR EXTRACTION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTIN FROM PEEL WASTE OF MANGO CULTIVAR CHAUNSA

SHABANA KAUSER¹, ASMA SAEED¹ AND MUHAMMAD IQBAL^1,2,*

Abstract: Pectin, a naturally occurring heteropolysaccharide, is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its gelling and stabilizing properties. During the present study pectin was extracted from peel of mango (cultivar Chaunsa) using conventional (water-hot acid) and non-conventional (ultrasonication) methods. In conventional method, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, or HCl was used under variable conditions of pH (2.0, 2.5, 3.0), temperature (70, 80, 90, 100^oC), duration of extraction (30, 60, 90, 120 min), and solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol). Maximum yield of 16.6 g pectin 100 g^-1 peel was obtained with HNO₃ at pH 2.5, 90^oC, 90 min extraction, and ethanol. Whereas in non-conventional method, ultrasonication was used for different time intervals (10, 20, 40 min) using HNO₃ at pH 2.5 and 90^oC. Maximum yield of 15.8 g pectin 100 g^-1 peel was obtained by this method in 20 min. Pectin extracted by the above two methods was found to be of high quality as was determined in respect of methoxyl and galacturonic acid contents, degree of esterification, equivalent weight, and FTIR spectra. Extraction of pectin from mango peel by employing non-conventional method (ultrasonication) was observed to be an energy efficient method due to its less extraction time (20 min as compared to 90 min in conventional method) suggesting its suitability on commercial scale for the extraction of pectin from mango and other available fruit peel wastes.

Key words: Water-Hot acid, Ultrasonication, Pectin, Peel waste, Mango

¹Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road Lahore-54600, Pakistan

²Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore-53700, Pakistan

*Corresponding author e-mail: iqbalmdr@brain.net.pk ; Tel.: +92 42 99230688; Fax: +92 42 99230705