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Updated: 02-01-16 | ||||
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FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AMINO ACIDS MODULATES AROMA COMPONENTS OF ‘FUJI’ APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA L.)
WEI GOU1, LING ZHANG1, FUCAI CHEN1, ZHIYAN CUI1, YONGGUI ZHAO1, PUFAN ZHENG1, LI TIAN1, CHAO ZHANG2 AND LIXIN ZHANG1*
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China 2College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China *Corresponding author’s e-mail: zhanglixin@nwsuaf.edu.cn; Ph: +0086-29-87092262
Abstract: Volatile flavor compounds play a key role in determining the perception and acceptability as well as enhancing market competitiveness of apple (Malus domestica L.). In our study, we evaluated the effects of foliar-applied four different amino acids, i.e. leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), valine (Val) and alanine (Ala), on aroma components and two key enzymes activities involved in aroma metabolism of ‘Fuji’ apple. The total amount of aromatic components under Ala treatment was significantly higher than those under other treatments. There was a considerable increase in total aroma content, including hexanal, 2-methyl-butanol, nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, methyleugenol, ethyl acetate, butanoic acid-pentyl ester, butanoic acid-hexyl ester, butyric acid ethyl ester, acetic acid-2-methyl-butyl ester, treated with spraying amino acids compared with the control. More specifically, hexanal, 2-methyl-butanol, methyleugenol and acetic acid-2-methyl-butyl ester exhibited a greater substantial increase of their contents than those of in other ingredients. However, butanoic acid-2-methyl-2-methyl butyl ester maintained a highest level among all aroma components regardless of different amino acids application. Furthermore, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) were much higher under Ala treatment than those under other treatments. We concluded that foliar-applied organic nitrogen (N), especially for Ala, can improve aroma metabolism and it could be used in production to enhance fruit quality on a commercial scale.
Key words: Aroma component, Alcohol acyltransferase activity, Alcohol dehydrogenase activity, Foliar application, Amino acids, Malus domestica L.
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