PJB-2021-560
Phytochemical Investigations and Biological Attributes of Organic Extracts of Calotropis gigantea L. Leaves
Adil Jamal
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea is popular plant of medicinal value in Indian traditional medicine to treat various ailments. The current study was performed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, antioxidants radical scavenging (DPHH), haemolytic and antimicrobial activities of organic fractions of C. gigantea leaves Phytochemicals, antioxidant components, phenolics and flavonoids qualitative and quantitative analysis were done using different organic solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous). Antimicrobial evaluation of gram positive, gram negative and fungal strains was carried out. Haemolytic assay was employed in human erythrocytes to evaluate the toxicity of extracts. Our study reflected the presence of bioactive constituents (alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, quinones) with abundance of these found in all except n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous. Total phenolics and total flavonoids (expressed as µg/mg) were considerable in all extracts. DPHH activity measured was maximum in methanolic aqueous followed by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-butanol. Methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed maximum inhibition antibacterial activity in all gram positive and gram-negative strains while antifungal activity tested in all fungal strains against all fractions showed promising inhibition. Organic fractions in our study showed less haemolytic activity revealing the heightened pharmaceutical capability and lessen toxicity of C. gigantea extracts. From the present findings, it can be concluded that C. gigantea extracts have varying potential and can be further explored as source for metabolites, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. However, a suitable and standardized solvent extraction approach should be employed to recuperate potential phytochemicals and antioxidants constituents of therapeutic value from C. gigantea.
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