PJB-2021-775
Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum against Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ellis and Halst) Elliot
Muhammad Arslan Khan
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is famous throughout the world for its flavor and unique taste and also known as king of fruits. The yield and production of mango is greatly reduced due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, sudden death of mango is economically important and very destructive disease. The affected mango trees have wilting symptoms, cankers may develop over areas of vascular discoloration and the cankers may exude gum from the stem. Wilted leaves typically become dry and curled rather suddenly but remain attached to the tree for several weeks. The present study was planned to find the biological control of mango sudden death as a way to decrease the use of potentially harmful chemicals. The experiments were conducted in lab as well as in greenhouse. Under lab conditions, the dual cultural technique was used to asses the antagonistic effect to biocontrol agent (Trichoderma harzianum) against Ceratocystis fimbriata under complete randomized design alongwith three replications and separate control. The results showed the highest inhibition (87%) of C. fimbriata. Under greenhouse trial three treatement (T. harzianum (T1), fungicide (thiophenate methyl) (T2) and T. harzianum+fungicide (T3) alongwith control (T0) were used. The data regarding leaves dring, leaves wilting, leaves withering, leaves yellowing, stem canker, stem drying, rotts drying, roots wilting, roots rotting, plant wilting, plants die back and plants mortality of mango was calculated. Six month old mango plants were selected and decontaminated. Ten days old culture of C. fimbriata was inoculated to the healthy mango plants fifteen days before the application of treatments. The results showed that the mortality in T0 was 81% whereas in plants, treated with T1, the mortality was (19%) followed by T2 (29%). In the combination, T3, the mortality was noted (24%). The data regarding canker formation showed that the minimum canker formation (14.28%) was noted in T1 followed by 19% in T2 and T3 respectively as compared to T0 (62%). The results of stem drying showed that maximum stem drying was noted in T2 (23%) followed by T3 (19%) and T1 (14%) as compared to T0 (76%). The root drying in T0 was noted 42.85% where as in T2, T3 and T1 was 23.81% and 19% respectively. Maximum plant wilting (19%) was observed in T2 and T3 whereas minimum was recorded in T1 (9.5%) as compared to T0 (81%). The yellowing of leaves in T1, T3 and T2 was noted 9.5%, 19% and 24% respectively as compared to T0 (57%). The leaves withering in T1 was noted 19%, in T2 was 33.3% and T3 was 23.81% as compared to T0 (57%). The maximum die back was noted in T0 (71.43%) followed by T2 (23.8%), T3 (19%) and T1 (14.28%). Maximum rot rotting was observed in T0 (33.33%) followed by 28.5% in T2 and T3 whereas minmum was calculated in T1 (19%). Maximum leaves necrosis was noted in T0 (47.6%) followed by T2 and T3 (19%) and T1 (8.28%). The overall results showed that T1 was effective against C. fimbriata.
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