PJB-2022-402
Dear sir Iam proud to upload this paper which is one of my articles during the phD study of Botany ,it is highly appreciated to have the article and to check the possibility of publishing it in you
Ayman w y Dardona
Abstract
Abstract
Since ancient times, humans have employed medicinal herbs for healing and health care, more specifically the large-scale usage of raw extracts of various portions of medicinal plants to treat human ailments. Furthermore, the inclusion of different substances with antibacterial and antifungal characteristics contributes to the therapeutic potential. While the purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial and antifungal properties of three Nerium cultivars (red, pink and white). The researchers collected flowers of the three cultivars from various locations in Gaza city, Palestine, for this purpose. They then utilized a Soxhlet apparatus with 250 ml of 70% ethanol and methanol for extraction process. Later, they employed DMSO to generate concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/ml. Meanwhile, the researchers used an agar well diffusion technique to investigate the antimicrobial activities of flower extracts against a variety of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus group A) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, as well as Candida spp., subsequently, utilized the Chi square test to evaluate the statistical relationship between the extracts' antimicrobial activity and the type of solvent. The findings of this study revealed that all flower extracts had no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at all concentrations tested using both ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Nevertheless, the other two types of bacteria showed some sensitivity to these extracts, with only the ethanolic red variety showing antibacterial activity against Streptococcus spp with inhibition zones of 5 and 7 mm at 100 and 300 mg/ml, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of all three flowers at a concentration of 300 mg/ml inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, with the strongest effect occurring for red flowers with an inhibition zone of 6 mm. In contrast, the methanolic extract of white flowers had no effect on these bacteria, whereas the methanolic extract of pink and red flowers each had a conspicuous antibacterial effect with an inhibition zone of 4 mm for both. Interestingly, only the red flower had antifungal activity in the ethanolic extract, whereas all three-flower varieties demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida spp. at a concentration of 300 mg/ml for the methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity and extract type showed a statistically significant relationship. Ultimately, the current investigation revealed the differences in results between the three varieties as well as the antibacterial and antifungal activities of N. oleander flower extracts.
Key words: - Nerium oleander, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Methanolic, Ethanolic, Extracts.
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