PJB-2022-539
Phytochemical screening, biological activity, and synergistic efficacy between Cotoneaster nummularia plant extracts and antibiotics
Muhammad Rizwan
Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and synergistic properties of methanol extracts of Cotoneaster nummularia with available antibiotics.
Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out to check the presence of different biomolecules in extracts of the plant. The antimicrobial and synergistic activities of the methanolic fractions of leaves and stem were investigated separately and in combination with the antibiotics against the 8 pathogenic bacterial species using agar-well diffusion method. Furthermore, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity of the extracts was also determined.
Results: The phytochemical screening showed presence of biomolecules such as tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and steroids in leaves and stem of the plant extracts. The methanolic extract generated maximum zone of inhibition (44%-95%) and fine MICs and MBCs ranging from 0.62-05 mg/ml against the eight tested bacterial species. Overall, the plant extracts showed significant synergistic effect in combination with the antibiotics against all the tested reference bacterial strains. Moreover, both the leaves and stem extracts exhibited significant phytotoxicity against the L. minor plant. The insecticidal activity of the leaves and stem extracts of the plant against S. cerealella and C. maculatus insects was highly effective as it caused 20-100% mortality at concentration of 100 and 150 µl. FTIR analysis of the plant extracts revealed valuable groups such as Amide, alkanes, nitriles, aromatic ring, nitro group, ethers, ester, and carboxylic group.
Conclusions: The crude methanolic extract of C. nummularia has a potential to be exploited as a potential source for natural agents including antimicrobial, phytotoxic and insecticidal agents. The current findings provide strong evidence about the traditional use of C. nummularia by the local population. Furthermore, in-vivo studies are required to test the biological effects of C. nummularia on human health.
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