PJB-2023-117
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALS MECHANISMS OF SALINITY TOLERANCE IN ROOTS OF HEXAPLOID WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
ADNAN KHAN
Abstract
Salt stress is a significant obstacle that hinders crop productivity and has a detrimental effect on plant growth. In this study, we aimed to identify salt stress-responsive proteins and protein pathways in wheat roots under 250 mM NaCl stress using label-free proteomic quantification analysis. Wheat roots were treated with 250 mM NaCl for six days, and we found that high Na+ concentrations in the roots inhibited K+ accumulation, suggesting that the negative effects of salt on plant growth may be related to decreased K+ accumulation and increased Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the roots. Our analysis identified 2436 proteins that were enhanced under salt stress, with 198 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), including 170 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated proteins. Many of these proteins were involved in salinity tolerance, including heat shock proteins, Glutathione S-transferase, dehydrin, peroxidase, potassium channel beta subunit-type H+-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn), 14-3-3 protein, peroxidase, malate dehydrogenase, and heat shock proteins. The abundance of a V-type H+ ATPase and 14-3-3 protein was also enhanced, which facilitated Na+ compartmentalization in the vacuole through the SOS pathway. Additionally, many antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and thioredoxins were up-regulated, playing a vital role in the detoxification of ROS in salinity-stressed wheat roots. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed that salinity stress enhances the abundance of proteins in several metabolic pathways such as the citrate cycle, ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, carbon metabolism, and cytoplasm. Our study provides novel insights into the response of plants to abiotic stress in the form of excessive protein accumulation and stress response mechanisms, which will aid in the development of genetically engineered crops with stress tolerance.
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