PJB-2023-499
COMBINING ABILITY STUDY FOR YELLOW RUST RESISTANCE, YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN WHEAT
Wasiq Saeed
Abstract
Yellow rust, a destructive foliar disease in wheat caused by the fungus (Puccinia striiformis), has a global impact on wheat crops and can lead to widespread epidemics resulting in significant yield losses. In present study 12 parents were crossed through Line × Tester mating design to generate 35 F1 hybrid combinations. These F1 hybrids along with parents were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak-Nowshera during Rabi cropping season 2021-22. Highly (p≤0.01) significant differences were observed among all tested wheat genotypes. Moreover, general combining ability effects of parents and specific combining ability effects of F1 hybrids as well as their variances were also estimated. Disease reaction on wheat genotypes was calculated from ACI and subsequently the plants response was detected from the RRI values. Maximum RRI value (8.0) was noted in line, ABN-21, while tester, GR-19 was found with maximum RRI value (8.7). Similarly, maximum RRI value (8.7) among F1 crosses was found in AN-1687 × PS-19. Likewise, Line × tester analysis demonstrated highly (p≤0.01) significant differences among lines, testers and F1 crosses for most of the studied traits. Among lines, PR-126, PR-123 while in testers, PS-19 was the best general combiners for majority of the traits studied. The cross combination ABN-21 × PS-19 and PR-126 × PS-19 appeared as the best specific combiner for yield and related traits. Moreover, lines × testers interaction contribution was found more than lines and testers in all attributes except, flag leaf area and 1000 grain weight. Variances due to SCA were higher than variances due to GCA for most of the studied traits. Furthermore, greater ratio of GCA and SCA (σ2gca/ σ2sca) variances indicated involvement of non-additive gene action in inheritance of all traits except, tillers plant-1, 1000 grain weight and biological yield plant-1. Range of broad sense heritability estimates was 0.10-0.89. Estimates of high heritability in broad sense were found for days to heading (0.79), flag leaf area (0.74), plant height (0.85), grain spike-1 (0.78), and harvest index (0.88) while medium estimates of heritability were calculated for days to maturity (0.55), spike length (0.32) and spikelets spike-1 (0.42). Lowest heritability estimate 0.20 for biological yield plant-1 and (0.10) was found for tillers plant-1 and highest estimate of heritability (0.89) was found for grain yield plant-1. The identified good performing genotypes, maternal parent, ABN-21 and PR-126 paternal parent, PS-19 and among F1 crosses, ABN-21 × PS19 and PR-126 × PS-19 were the best genotypes and are recommended to be included in future breeding program.
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