PJB-2024-37
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF 5- AMINOLEVULINIC ACID AMELIORATED THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb) BY TRIGGERING ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN TWO VARIETIES OF MUSTARD (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L.)
KHALID NAWAZ
Abstract
Heavy metal stress has adverse effects on growth of plant and biochemical parameters. The foliar spray of plant growth regulators is a renowned approach to alleviate the negative effects of HMs on plants. Heavy metal effects plant with their physiological changes but if the amino acid is added with metals then what would be the consequences. The major objective of present study was to find the role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in alleviating the Heavy metals (HMs) stress in two varieties i.e. Super canola-2018 (V1) & Super Raya-2016 (V2) of mustard. A pot experiment was conducted in Botanical Garden, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan. Total ten treatments were used and each treatment was replicated four times. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for this experiment. Pb (100µM) and Cd (100µM) were applied in the form of PbCl2 and CdCl2 at the time of sowing to induce heavy metal stress. 5-ALA (50mg/L& 100mg/L) was applied after two weeks of germination by foliar application. Results showed that HMs stress reduced germination rate by 44%, fresh & dry biomass of root 77% & 73% and fresh & dry biomass of shoot 80% & 79% respectively. Similar trend was observed for length of shoot (46%) and root (71%). Biochemical parameters like carbohydrates and proteins were reduced by 29% & 33% respectively. However, the foliar spray of 5-ALA (100 mg/L) improved morphological, biochemical and physiological parameters under HMs stress. Biochemical parameters i.e (chl a 41%, chl b 13% & carotenoids 27% soluble protein contents by 34% were increased under stressed environment. Antioxidant enzymes activities was higher under HMs stress which was decreased (CAT 76%, POD 40%, SOD 38%) by foliar application of 5-ALA. Adverse effects of HMs were more severe in V1 than V2. Data for parameters was analyzed with the help of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by using Minitab Computer Program to compare mean values.
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