PJB-2024-480
A Multivariate Approach to Soil and Crop Yield Under Diverse Cropping System in Punjab
Fahad Ali Fayyaz
Abstract
Inappropriate land use can deplete nutrient contents of crop land that leads to reduce nutrient concentrations and productivity. However, monitoring nutrient status of crop land can help producer take appropriate remedial measures before significant loss occur productivity. The objective of study was to quantify the soil physico- chemical properties under various cropping systems. The study was undertaken on five cropping systems wheat-groundnut (W-G), wheat-rice (W-R), fallow- wheat/gram (F-W/G), mix cropping (Mix C) and wheat-cotton(W-C) in Punjab Pakistan. Geo reference 470 soil samples were collected randomly to investigate the soil bulk density gcm-3 (BD), soil moisture % (SM), total organic carbon % (TOC), organic matter % (OM), zinc (Zn), boron (B) and iron (Fe) as well as grain yield t/ha (GY). The findings of the classical analysis, cluster analysis, PCA, correlation and interpolated maps showed a significant variation in soil characteristics, emphasizing the necessity of focused nutrient management at particular areas to preserve soil fertility for sustainable crop production. Mean maximum value (1.52 gcm-3) of BD was determined in soil under F-W/G cropping system while the minimum BD (1.26 gcm-3) was observed in W-R cropping system. SM, TOC, OM, Zn and B was 40.4%, 59.37 %, 54.71 %, 65.45% and 45.45%, more in mix cropping system compare with lowest values of fallow-wheat/gram cropping system while the Fe concentration was 58.35 % higher in W-R cropping system compare with least concentration of F-W/G cropping system. Comparing yield under five cropping systems mix cropping shows highest yield which was 78.9 % more than fallow-wheat/gram cropping. Maps of spatial variability indicate that the research area's deficiencies were found from the southern to the northern regions. The finding revealed that mix cropping or addition of legumes in rotation can improve the soil nutrients status and also enhanced the crop productivity
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