PJB-2024-529
Genetic Diversity of Lactuc
Asmaa M. Khalifa
Abstract
Various problems that arise with global warming and climate change reveal the importance of plant genetic resources. Evaluating the extent of genetic diversity within and among populations is one of the most important steps for breeding resilient crops and conservation measures. Thus, this study was aimed at uncovering the extent of genetic diversity and population structure in 20 Lactuca sativa (lettuce) accessions from different countries using RAPD and ISSR markers. Both types of markers, RAPD and ISSR, were polymorphic; however, they showed different polymorphism percentages, with an equal mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.36. In the case of RAPD, a total of 24 amplified PCR fragments were observed, while 40 were amplified in the case of ISSR, of which 27 were polymorphic fragments compared to only 15 fragments with RAPD. The ISSR primer UBC822 showed the highest number of polymorphic PCR fragments. Similarly, ISSR markers showed the highest average resolving power value of 1.96. Consequently, ISSR markers could be useful for assessing L. sativa genetic variability. The AMOVA analysis using RAPD and ISSR marker data revealed that 100% of the total genetic variation was attributed to population diversity. The UPGMA cluster of the combined marker data and PCoA grouped the accessions into three main groups; however, this was not based on their origin, indicating high gene flow or seed exchange across geographic regions. The RAPD and ISSR used in the current study are highly informative and could be used in future marker-assisted breeding of lettuce.
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