PJB-2024-557
MANAGEMENT OF JASSID, AMRASCA BIGUTTULA (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), THROUGH SYNTHETIC AND BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES AND ITS EFFECTS ON ASSOCIATED NATURAL ENEMIES IN OKRA CROP&
ijaz ullah
Abstract
The current study investigated the efficacy of synthetic insecticides (Thiamethoxam and Acetamiprid) and neem oil concentrations (2.5% and 5%) against jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) on okra crop. Research was conducted during 2023 at New Developmental Farm, Malakander, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Five treatments, include Thiamethoxam (25WG), Acetamiprid (20SP), and Neem oil in 5% and 2.5% concentrations along with a control were used. Data were recorded on the number of jassids and their related predators per plant, as well as okra yield in kg ha-1. Pre spray data was recorded before 24 hours of treatments application. The population of jassid plant-1 was recorded after 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days and 14 days post-application of these treatments. A significant decrease in jassid population was observed after first and second spray. The best results were obtained from thiamethoxam treated plants (2.13, 2.01 jassids plant-1). Similarly, the insecticide acetamiprid was also effective against jassids (2.61, 2.35 plant-1) in okra field. Neem oil at 5% was also effective and significantly decreased jassid population (4.70, 4.35 plant-1), followed by neem oil 2.5% (5.22, 4.68 plant-1). However, maximum jassids (11.05, 11.88 plant-1) was observed in control plot. Data recorded on predators showed that the minimum ladybird beetle and green lacewing population was observed in the thiamethoxam (0.60, 0.56 plant-1), followed by acetamiprid (0.69, 0.65 plant-1). The same trend in both of the population of these predators was seen after secound spray application. However, both concentrations of neem oil were least affected the ladybird beetles and green lacewing populations. There was a significant difference observed in the okra yield in these treatments. Thiamethoxam was the most effective to get enhanced yield compared to control. The maximum yield of okra in kg ha-1 was observed in the thiamethoxam (10111.0), followed by acetamiprid application (8964.5) kg ha-1. In the Neem oil concentrations, neem oil applied at 5% was produced the maximum yield (7736.0 kg ha-1) of okra. The findings in this study showed that the economic and cost benefits ratio are the highest for thiamethoxam (1:24.27), while the minimum for neem oil at 2.5 percent (1:16.70). The results obtained in this study showed that these treatments have the potential to decrease jassid infestation and increase okra yield.
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