PJB-2024-607
Genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluation of aqueous extract of Abutilon pannosum leaves using
Rayan S. Alharbi, Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei, Kamal A. Attia, Wessam M. Filfilan, Mohamed E. Elbeeh, Alaa T. Qumsani, Amenah S. Al-Otaibi and Sameer H. Qari
Abstract
Abutilon pannosum possesses several medicinal benefits, including antioxidants, anti-hepatotoxic, and antidiabetic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Abutilon pannosum leaves found in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, using the Allium cepa assay and molecular analysis. The Mitotic Index (MI), root growth inhibition (RGI), and chromosomal aberrations (CA) were determined to assess cytotoxicity, while a molecular marker (ISSR-PCR assay) was employed to study genotoxicity. The effective concentration of the aqueous extract (EC50) was determined to be 7.2 mg/mL. Following treatment with A. pannosum extracts, a decrease in mitotic index percentage (%MI) was observed along with a concentration-dependent reduction in root tip length. Additionally, chromosomal aberrations such as anaphase bridges, vagrant chromosomes, and C-metaphase were recorded, with the frequency of these aberrations showing a concentration-dependent response to the A. pannosum extract. ISSR-PCR markers revealed DNA damage, evidenced by the loss and gain of bands and changes in band intensity. The results of this study concluded that high concentrations of A. pannosum extracts exhibit both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using A. pannosum for medicinal purposes, and further research is needed to understand its safety profile
To Cite this article:
Alharbi, R.S., A.F. Alrefaei, K.A. Attia, W.M. Filfilan, M.E. Elbeeh, A.T. Qumsani, A.S. Al-Otaibi and S.H. Qari. 2025. Genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluation of aqueous extract of Abutilon pannosum leaves using Allium cepa assay and molecular analysis in Saudi Arabia. Pak. J. Bot., 57(6): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2025-6(28)
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