PJB-2017-866
Anatomical study of Combretum indicum cultivated in Iraq
Muazaz A. AL-Hadeethi
Abstract
The current study included the anatomical characteristic of epidermal cells, indumentum and cross sections of roots, stems, leaves and petioles of Combretum indicum from Combretaceae family, which collected from the herbal garden at AL-Rashidia city north of Baghdad. The anatomical study showed that these characteristics are important in assessing morphological characteristics which can be used to diagnostic, isolation characteristics and study of this species. The leaf epidermis appear stomata paracytic in shape have two subsidiary cells on the side of guard cells and the guard cells have kidney shape, on the other hand, the cross-section of the root is circular and in the secondary growth stage, consists from uniserate epidermis after it has located a thin layer of cortex and the vascular bundles are bicollateral consist from the axial system and radial system of xylem and phloem because the stem in the secondary growth stage and in the xylem area clear the early (spring) and late (summer) wood, pith located in the center of stem contain from isodiametric parenchyma cells. Also the shape of outline stem is circular and in the secondary growth stage, the cross-section of stem consists from uniseriate epidermis covered by cuticle and many trichomes diffused in the service of epidermis after it has many layers of the cortex and the vascular bundles are bicollateral consist of axial system and radial system of xylem and phloem like as the root. The cross-section of leaf contains upper and lower epidermis uniseriate and the upper epidermis covered by cuticle also showed numerous druses crystals diffuse in the cells of the mesophyll. The midrib region in cross-section appeared crescent shape mainly composed of upper and lower epidermis, collenchyma layers contain many druses crystal, central vascular bundle, furthermore the petiole cross sections was recorded as oval in shape, the epidermis was uniseriate covered with cuticle, after the epidermis represented the cortex contain from collenchyma layer below the epidermis and the mass area of this cortex was occupied by ordinary parenchyma cells separated from other by ordinary schizogenous intercellular space, the vascular tissue system appeared in central of petiole open collateral type and crescent-shaped.
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