PJB-2018-23
FIRST REPORT OF DYE YIELDING POTENTIAL AND COMPOUNDS OF LICHENS; A CULTURAL HERITAGE OF HIMALAYAN COMMUNITIES, PAKISTAN.
Summaira Shaheen
Abstract
Abstract Lichens are well-known dye yielding organisms since ancient times. Present study investigates the dye yielding potential of nineteen lichen species belonging to eleven genera (Flavopunctelia, Flavoparmelia, Cladonia, Parmelia, Umbilicaria, Xanthoria, Ochrolechia, Hyperphyscia, Hypogymnia, Dermatocarpon and Parmotrema) of Himalayan region (Abbottabad) Pakistan. Wool and silk was dyed using the 3 different methods i.e. di-methyl sulphoxide (DEM), ammonia fermentation (AFM) and boiling water (BWM). Over 57 different dye tests were made on silk. Predominant colour was cerise but yellow, brown, purple, green, pink and olive were produced. COSMIN software was used to detect HEX Colour codes with RBG and HSL values. These dye colours were further altered by modifying: exposure to light, temperature and subsequent additional extractions using the different method or the same one. After dying samples were tested for stability in sunlight and the action of soap, some samples were faded to some degree and some of them changed colour. Most dyes obtained through the AFM and DEM method were stable while dyes from boiling water method were light stable. A correlation of dye colour with lichen secondary metabolities was also attempted. Spot test results showed the presence of different lichen substances (gyrophoric, lecanoric acid, umbilicaric acids, usnic acid, atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid and parietin).
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