PJB-2018-536
Unraveling the efficiency of RAPD and SSR markers in diversity analysis of some apple germplasm of Kashmir
Jahangir Ahmad dar
Abstract
The availability of diverse germplasm of any crop is an important genetic resource to mine the genes that may assist in attaining food as well as nutritional quality of the crop. In the present study, a total of 10 RAPD and 29 SSR markers were used in nineteen apple cultivars for the first time in Kashmir Valley to elucidate genetic diversity. The discriminatory power of these markers was observed using various parameters like: polymorphic information content, resolving power and marker index. A total of 70 polymorphic bands were observed in case of RAPD and 218 polymorphic fragments were obtained with 29 SSR primer combinations. A high level of genetic diversity was observed with the number of alleles per primer ranging from two to twelve in case of RAPD and three to fourteen in case of SSR. Both the markers are highly polymorphic with the mean number of 7 alleles per RAPD primer and 7.51 alleles per SSR primer. Three cultivars differentiated through mutations (Oregon Spur, Siliver Spur, and Reeka red) were included in this study and showed identical patterns with each other by SSR analysis. However, these sports could not be completely differentiated with RAPD markers. The dendrograms generated by NTSYS grouped cultivars into two major clusters with various degrees of sub clustering within the cluster. These findings will have impact on apple breeding and conservation programs as the present sample of apple cultivars are commercially very important at national and international level. So their characterization at morphological, biochemical, cytological and molecular level will help the apple breeders to use these in apple breeding.
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