PJB-2018-664
Evaluation of pomegranate peel for phytochemical analysis, antioxidant properties and determination of its antimicrobial potential
Shamaila Azam
Abstract
Fruit peels are often utilized in various cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for their qualitative attributes. In current study, pomegranate peel from three varieties (Tarnab Gulabi, Bedana and Qandhari) were evaluated for their phytochemicals, their antioxidant activity and furthermore, the possible antimicrobial properties of pomegranate peel were studied. Pomegranate fruit peel was air dried and then ground to a fine powder. Peels were than used to quantify total polyphenols, flavonoid anthocyanin and tannin. Proximate composition, mineral analysis, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antifungal and antibacterial activity was carried out with standard methods of analysis. The result showed that the polyphenol and anthocyanin content was highest in Qandhari, while flavonoid was highest in Bedana while, Tarnab gulabi contains highest tannin than other two varieties. Proximate compositions like moisture (33.65±0.69-46.44±0.8%), ash (2.08±0.39-3.96±1.27%), fat (6.00±1.00-10.33±1.52 %), nitrogen (0.335±0.02-0.50±0.008%), protein (2.09±0.12-3.16±0.05%), organic matter (4.65±0.06-5.07±0.06%), and carbohydrates (42.95±0.77-53.28±1.24%) was also analyzed. The minerals were in order of sodium> potassium> iron>calcium>zinc. Tarnab gulabi showed maximum iron, sodium, calcium and zinc content while potassium was highest in Qandhari. DPPH radical scavenging activity and vitamin C content were found to be highest in Qandhari. The physicochemical properties of peel extract of three varieties was studied and results were in range of pH (3.44±0.10-3.89±0.02), EC (146.26±0.56-165.33±0.56), TSS (2.26±0.15-4.00±0.10), TA (2.85±0.15-5.25±0.39), MI (0.43 ± 0.02-1.10±0.10), TS (2.00±0.73-3.40±0.41), RS (0.72±0.14-1.64±0.02), NRS (0.77±0.10-1.76±0.05) and SAR (0.43±0.73-0.70±0.03). The peel extract was tested against pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger) at different concentrations and showed diameter of inhibition zone (9.20±0.29 -15.2±0.52 mm) and DIZ was maximum against Bedana in all concentrations. Among the selected bacterial cultures, the highest activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus and lowest against Pseudomonas spp. Bedana inhibits maximum DIZ against all the selected bacterial cultures while Qandhari showed minimum DIZ. It was concluded from the study that pomegranate peel extracts have high antioxidant activity, phytochemicals and minerals but unfortunately it is discarded. It is a beneficial product and has been used worldwide for medicinal purposes and in natural food product.
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