PJB-2018-1057
ON THE LOSS REGULARITY OF WATER AND FERTILIZER IN THE ANCIENT COURSE OF THE YELLOW RIVER
YING LUO
Abstract
To explore the loss regularity of water and fertilizer in the ancient course of the Yellow River which could provide a theoretical basis for the integration of irrigation and fertilization of fruit trees and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, we studied the change in patterns of soil water content, soil and near-surface air temperature over a period 30 days. Three water management measures were employed: mulching with plastic films (Wmp), mulching with cornstalk (Wmc) and conventional management (Wck). Meanwhile, the effects of irrigation times on fertilizer treatments, namely slow-release N, P and K fertilizer (NPK SRFs), compound N, P and K fertilizer (NPK CFs), urea fertilizer (Urea Fs), and unfertilized (Control check, Fck) were studied, along with the changes in value of the soil potential of hydrogen (pH) value. Chaenomeles sinensis cv Jinshuai (Jinshuai) with middle drought tolerance and Prunus armeniaca × sibirica cv Zhongren No. 1 (Zhongren No. 1) with a strong drought resistance were used as the plant materials, and the traditional management method of water and fertilizer were improved. Results showed that the soil water content was effectively increased using Wmp and Wmc treatments in the ancient course of the Yellow River, Wmp treatment in which the cornstalk was 5.0 cm long, 8~10 cm thick, and at a depth of 20~25 cm in the upper layer of the soil, effectively extended the effective water retention time of the tillage layer (20 cm deep) for more than 30 days and maintained the soil temperature stability. The number of theses irrigation events was inversely proportional to the content of available nutrients in soil. After three irrigation events, NPK SRFs, NPK CFs and urea Fs fertilizers were almost completely lost, and should be replenished over time. In this region, the compound fertilizer had a significantly higher nutrient maintenance capacity than urea (p < 0.05), Furthermore, the application of urea had to be as balanced as possible to avoid an excessive rise in soil pH. The new growth of Jinshuai and Zhongren No. 1 was significantly better than that of the traditional model with improved methods of water and fertilizer management (with a growth rate of new shoots at 86.1% and 37.5%, tree diameter of 42.2% and 54.5% and canopy width of 50.0% and 72.7%, respectively). In conclusion, in the production of fruit trees in the sandy land of the ancient course of the Yellow River, it is suggested to use crop straw to maintain water levels and improve soil organic matter content, and replace urea by applying a compound fertilizer in the early and late growing season of the childhood, this can improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, reduce costs, and obtain higher economic benefits.
To Cite this article:
Download
