PJB-2019-291
Amendment in sugarcane genetic architecture through in vitro mutagenesis
Shafquat Yasmeen
Abstract
Sugarcane is considered as one of the major important crops after wheat, rice and cotton, Sindh province being an importance source of carbohydrates and other nutrients. It serves to satisfy human needs in terms of food, feed, fiber, fuel and construction materials. It belongs to genus Saccharum having high degree of polyploidy and interspecific origin. Production of fertile seed has remained the main limitation factors to conventional breeding and mass cultivation is practiced through stem cutting. Like other crops for meaningful selection sufficient genetic variability is the basic requirement. In this context, induced mutations have been successful to create genetic variability in asexually propagated species and sugarcane is one of them. The experiment was conducted at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA); Tando Jam seed were radiated with gamma rays doses as physical mutagen. Three sugarcane genotypes viz. NIA-98, NIA-0819, BL4 were used as the parent material. Four treatments of gamma radiation with control (10, 20, 30 and 40Gy) were applied. Morphologically two different type of callus was observed after irradiation, type ‘A’ yellowish white, compact dry nodular callus capable of plant regeneration; type ‘B’ friable, globular and non-compact type of callus. Maximum callus induction was observed in NIA-98 at 20 and 10Gy, while minimum callus was recorded in BL4 at 40Gy. Likewise, callus proliferation and regeneration of plantlets was observed when callus was transferred on MS medium containing 2.0 mg l-1 of each IAA, IBA and kinetin. The frequency of chlorophyll variants was higher in NIA-98 and BL4 at 40Gy. Maximum rooting was observed in NIA-98, followed by NIA- 0819 on media containing MS½ + 2.0 mg 1-1 IBA + 4 % sucrose. The field trial of somaclones showed variation in maximum number of tillers per plant was observed in NIA-0819 at 20Gy and minimum in BL4 at 40Gy. Highest cane height was observed in NIA-98 under control, and increase the length of internodes was observed in NIA-0819 at 20Gy. In BL4 variety highest brix % was recorded at 40Gy and in NIA-98 highest CCS % was observed at 10Gy. Highest sucrose (%) and sugar yield (t ha-1) were observed in NIA-98 at 10Gy and maximum cane yield was recorded in NIA-0819 at 20Gy. Correlation studies expose that the cane yield was positively correlated with number of tiller per plant, cane height and numbers of internodes, length of internodes seems to be an independent factor that significantly influenced the cane weight. Brix % was negative correlated with sucrose % and CCS % was positively correlated at p<0.05.
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