PJB-2019-417
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF CALLISTEMON VIMINALIS (WEEPING BOTTLE BRUSH) LEAF AND STEM
Fozia Masood
Abstract
Callistemon viminalis is known as weeping bottle brush. It belongs to Myrtacea family. Ethanomedicinaly it showed antimicrobial, molluscicidal and anti-oxidant activity. The present study investigates the comparison between Callistemon viminalis leaf and Callistemon viminalis stem using pharmacognostic parameters for the standardization of crude drug. The present research encompassed Pharmacognostic, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of stem and leaf. Leaf of Callistemon viminalis was narrow long lanceolate and green in colour. Powdered microscopy of leaf revealed circular layer of epidermal cells along with long and cylindrical palisade cells. Anomocytic stomata were abundant. Xylem vessels were spring and spiral. Trichomes were large covering along with calcium oxalate prism. Thick walled parenchyma and pitted trachieds were along with spongy mesophylls. Powder microscopy of stem showed elliptical fibers with longitudinal medullary rays. Reticulate vessels were thickened along with rosette. Thick double layered cork cells were present in parenchyma along with cork tissues. Transverse section of leaf and stem showed concentric layers of epidermis, cortex and vascular bunddle.Flouresence studies showed difference of colours in leaf and stem at shorter wavelength (250nm). There was correlation among vein islet number, vein termination and palisade ratio. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounads, mucilages, oils, saponins, and fats in leaf while stem contained flavanoids only which were verified by corresponding FTIR spectra. Leaf exhibited higher values of physicochemical parameters (pH, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value, total ash and acid insoluble ash) than stem.
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