PJB-2019-521
Original Research Article Effect of different industrial and domestic effluents on the growth, yield and heavy metal accumulation of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.).
Noor ul Ain
Abstract
A magnificent amount of effluents is generated by industrial and domestic activities in urban areas and their disposal is of great concern. In the suburbs of big cities, the vegetables are commonly irrigated with effluents due to paucity of good quality water. These effluents are loaded with toxic or heavy metals which may cause environmental or health hazard. Present study was performed in pots experiments to investigate the impacts of different effluents on the growth, yield and heavy metals concentration of turnip (Brassica rapa). Pots were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments replicated four times. The treatments included 10% effluents of sugar mill, sewage water, soap factory, ghee mill, slaughterhouse and Control. Data on weight of root plant-1 (g), root length, root diameter, yield ha-1 and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd) concentrations in roots were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results revealed that irrigation with effluents significantly affected all parameters studied. Sewage water, sugar mill effluent and slaughterhouse wastage significantly improved the yield and growth characteristics while ghee mill and soap factory effluents reduced these traits. The highest yield and related traits were recorded with sewage water followed by slaughterhouse wastage and sugar mill effluent. Application of sewage water enhanced 11.2% yield while the increment with slaughterhouse wastage and sugar mill effluent was 7.8% and 2.3%, respectively. Ghee mill and soap factory effluents curtailed 23.2% and 18,1% yield, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were increased with all types of effluents. The highest values for Pb, Zn and Cd were reported in plants irrigated with sewage water while Fe and Ni were highest in slaughterhouse wastage and ghee mill effluent applied plants, respectively. The transfer factors showed that accumulation of metals was in the order of Pb > Cd > Zn > Fe > Ni. Key Words: Brassica rapa, Effluents, Heavy metals, Plant growth, Turnip, Yield
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