PJB-2019-874
EVALUATION OF COBALT CONCENTRATION IN SOIL, FORAGES AND BLOOD PLASMA OF SHEEP AND GOATS: A CASE STUDY IN THREE DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Kafeel Ahmad
Abstract
Aim of the current study was to evaluate the Cobalt level in soil, forages and blood plasma of the small ruminants (goat and sheep) in three districts of Punjab. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of cobalt in collected samples. The mean concentrations of Co results obtained in soil of district Sargodha, Mianwali and Bhakhar were ranged from 2.709 to 3.506, 5.592 to 5.943 and 2.115 to 4.246 mg/kg, respectively. The level of Co was greater in Mianwali than Sargodha and Bhakkar. The mean concentrations of Co in forages used for feeding purpose were found between 2.008-2.84, 1.34-1.972 and 0.766-1.608 mg/kg for Sargodha, Mianwali and Bhakhar, respectively. The mean concentrations of Co in blood plasma of goat which consumed the contaminated forages were 1.4-1.497 mg/L in district Sargodha, 0.696-0.785 mg/L in Mianwali and 2.376-2.465 mg/L in Bhakkar. In blood plasma of sheep, the residual levels of Co in district Sargodha, Mianwali and Bhakhar were ranged from 0.82 to 1.219, 0.148 to 0.25 and 3.99 to 5.118mg/L, respectively. Concentration of cobalt in blood of sheep and goat was highest in Bhakkar district. Bio-concentration factor of Co from soil to forage, forage to blood of sheep and forage to blood of goat at Bhakkar site was greater as compared to other two sites. The value of PLI at all sites was less than 1 indicating the soil is un-contaminated.
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