PJB-2019-909
Development of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Types with high oil contents and quality traits
Dr Ahsan Iqbal
Abstract
Sunflower is attaining the great attention as an oilseed crop. Pakistan has done an inspiring development in agricultural sector but we have scarcity of quality oil besides its yield. Focus on sunflower is due to its adoptability in our environmental conditions. Experiment was carried out on the CMS lines and Restorers obtained from Canada, USA and Pakistan. Seed was maintained by cross the CMS lines with maintainer lines and crosses were made by the crossing of CMS lines with restorers in Line x Tester design. After harvesting they were evaluated to study the genetic variation for oil content and different quality traits including stearic acid, palmitic acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. First of all they were exposed to by NMR (Near Infrared Magnetic Resonance). It is similar to instruments for the UV-visible and mid-IR ranges. Results detected are obtained and statistically analysed. ANOVA, Genetic variances, combining abilities and heterotic manifestation was calculated. Results showed that B-SIN-82 line and RL-51, RL-54 testers performed best. These lines can be further utilized in future breeding programs for the development of hybrids to obtain quality oil with high oil contents. B-SIN-82 × RL-51, CM-612 × RL-54 and CM-612 × RL-51 hybrids were declared best as they showed the significantly higher heterotic values for oil contents (28.26, 27.10, and 27.94 respectively). They also showed the negative values for the saturated fatty acids over mid parents (-13.41, -6.8 and -9.48 respectively) as they are the reason for the bad cholesterol in human body. CM-612 × RL-54 and CM-612 × RL-51 showed the positive values for the unsaturated fatty acids (4.79 and 12.85) over mid parents and (3.84 and 0.53) over better parents. Unsaturated fatty acids are recommended and a wiser choice for the humans. Based on all other results for the above mentioned characters these hybrids were declared as best. These can be used for the oil extraction as these are high in quality and can meet the need of quality oil in Pakistan.
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