PJB-2020-1
DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES OF THE NOXIOUS PARTHENIUM WEED (PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS L.) A SPECIAL FOCUS ON BIOCONTROL USING MYCOTOXINS
MD ABDUL HALIM SHEIKH
Abstract
Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is a flowering annual herbaceous plant, belongs to the family Asteraceae and it’s native to subtropics of Northern Mexico and Southern USA, which is popularly known as broom bush, congress grass. It’s an alien invasive plant species that disturbs cultivated crops, roadside vegetation, gardens, and on wastelands. Nowadays, it’s considered as one of the worst weeds responsible for multidimensional problems in animals and humans causing many ailments including dermatitis, asthma and bronchitis. This weed is the serious environmental threat to biodiversity and imposes remarkable costs on agriculture sector, roadsides and other human enterprises. There are various strategies to control the adverse effects of this weed and biocontrols have been recommended with variable degrees of success. Uprooting and ploughing that are physical method are not effective as well as labor intensive. Burning practice of the uprooted weeds is not stimulated as it deteriorates soil fertility & quality, increases pollution and also the ash of burnt Parthenium displays adverse effect on plants as found in Phaseolus mungo. Mechanical method is not effective after starting of flowers and seeds. Using of herbicides especially glyphosate were proved effective in managing of this weed, but the huge amount of plants cannot be controlled economically. Moreover, using a big amount of herbicides may lead to environmental pollution, potential health human risks, affects on non-target beneficial organisms and also creates herbicide resistance to the weed. In biological control, it can be used appropriate insects, pathogens, Parthenium-competitive grasses and legume plants and successful control can be achieved by this method especially by isolating mycotoxins from pathogenic fungal strain. This review article summarizes the published papers in developing biocontrol method using mycotoxins as sustainable eco-friendly and effective approach of Parthenium weed among all the control strategies.
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