NASIR,E. - (1908-1991) - OBITUARY
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QAISER,SAIDA - (1945-1992) - OBITUARY
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KAMAL,MUSTAFA - (1928-1992) - OBITUARY
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PNEUMATOPHORE DENSITY AND SIZE IN MANGROVES OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Pneumatophore density of mangrove Avicennia marina from different locations of Karachi ranged from 56-520 m-2 with a mean value of 278m-2 +/- 135 SD, their height ranged from 2-32 cm with a mean value of 11.8 +/- 3.2 SD and maximum thickness from 2-11 mm with a mean value of 6.3 +/- 1.57 SD. Pneumatophore density was positively correlated with tree height, tree girth and negatively with its own height. There was a positive relationship between the density and mud content in mangrove soil suggesting that mangroves adapt to anaerobic and water- logged conditions by increasing their numbers and hence large surface area for maximum aeration.

MARINE-ALGAE FROM EASTERN COAST OF LIBYA (CYRENAICA)
ABSTRACT:
The distribution and frequency of marine algae along the eastern coast of Libya (Cyrenaica) showed the presence of 168 species, 6 varieties and 2 forms. This includes 56 Chlorophyceae, 37 Phaeophyceae and 76 Rhodophyceae including varieties and forms. The R/P ratio was 2.05. Hence it is rather subtropical than boreal.

TAXONOMICAL REVISION AND SOME BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SCYTOSIPHONALES (PHAEOPHYTA) OF KARACHI COAST
ABSTRACT:
Taxonomy, morpho-anatomy and some biological notes of 4 genera with 6 species viz., Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes & Solier, Igengaria stellata (Boerg.) Boergesen; Rosenvingia fastigiata (Zanardini) Boergesen, R orientalis (J. Agardh) Boergesen; Hydrocla thrus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe including one new record of Colpomenia ecuticulata Parson of Scytosiphonales from Karachi coast is pre sented.

PROFILES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN FUSARIUM-SOLANI
ABSTRACT:
Cultures of Fusarium solani extracted in toluene/ethyl acetate/90% formic acid (5/4/1, v/v) showed consistent profiles, of secondary metabolites on thin layer chromatographic plates. These profiles, alongwith macromorphological characters, can be used as taxonomic criteria for identification of F. solani

SALINITY TOLERANCE IN TOMATO
ABSTRACT:
Growth and fruiting of five cultivars of tomato viz., Tropic, pearson, Monte Carlo, ACE-55 and Strain B were studied at different salinity levels ranging between 34-272 mM NaCl. Reduction in growth at lower salinities (34 mM NaCl) was less in comparison to high salinity levels ( > 68 MM NaCl). Cv. Tropic produced the highest vegetative biomass under control condition but gave least reproductive yield in terms of fruit weight per plant. However, maximum fruit weight per plant was observed at 34 mM NaCl level. At moderate salinity level (68 mM NaCl), cv. ACE-55 produced the highest fruit weight though showing a reduction of about 65.91% as compared to control. Highest reproductive biomass was produced in cv. Tropical at 272 mM NaCl which was 25 times less than its control.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF COTYLEDONS AND MOBILIZATION OF RESERVED FOOD IN CICER-ARIETINUM
ABSTRACT:
The effects of 0, 25,50 75 and 100 meq.l-i sodium chloride on some physiological proceses of gram was studied in solution culture. Fresh and dry weight of cotyledons significantly changed (P < 0.05) at different salinity levels. Concentration of carbohydrate and total nitrogen in cotyledons showed a marked decrease from the 2nd day. Length and weight of root and shoot were affected at different salinity levels. Carbohydrate concentration showed marked reduction at 75 and 100 meq.l-1 NaCl, whereas, significant differences were observed in the nitrogen content in control and salinity treatments.

WATER RELATIONS AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN 2 WHEAT-VARIETIES UNDER WATER-STRESS
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A drought resistant variety of wheat (Pak-15800) was compared with a susceptible variety (Sarsabz) under water stress and the relationship between leaf water, osmotic, turgor potentials and relative water contents (RWC) were studied. The water stressed plants had lower leaf water potential than control and at a given RWC Pak-15800 had lower water potential than Sarsabz which partly accounts for its better drought resistance. In both the varieties pre-stressed plants maintained osmotic potentials lower than control. In Pak-15800 osmotic potential was significantly lower (-0.06 to -0.11) than Sarsabz. Both control and pre-stressed Pak-15800 plants had higher turgor (0.1 to 0.15 MPa) than Sarsabz at RWC between 65 and 80%. Both pre-stressed and control Pak-15800 had greater elasticity (a lower elastic modulus) than Sarsabz. An understanding of the differences between osmotic and turgor potentials between varieties could be used as a tool in breeding program for wheat.

TISSUE-CULTURE STUDIES FOR MICROPROPAGATION AND EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSC
ABSTRACT:
Callus cultures of Zingiber officinale obtained from rhizome explants bearing shoot primordia and juve nile shoots on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with various growth hormones produced plantlets which were transferred in the field. Multiple plantlet formation occurred in two week old shoot buds. Essential oils extracted from callus cultures, from rhizomes obtained from our experimental medicinal plants garden and commercial rhizomes showed only slight difference in the oil contents.

MICROPROPAGATION IN DELONIX-REGIA THROUGH IMMATURE EMBRYO DERIVED SHOOT TIPS
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A micropropagation method was developed from immature embryo-derived shoot tips of Delonix regia on Murashige and Skoog's medium. Shoot multiplication occurred through proliferation of axillary leaf buds and the best multiplication rates were obtained;with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. No response was observed in 2ip supplemented media other than rhizogenesis and callogenesis. In vitro formed shoots when ransferred onto half strength of MS salts + 0.5 mg/l IBA & 0.5 mg/l NAA produced profuse roots in all the shoots.

 ESTABLISHMENT OF REGENERATING CALLI AND CELL-SUSPENSION LINE OF BASMATI RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA L CV B.370)
ABSTRACT:
Methods were developed for callus induction and efficient plant regeneration from mature embryos and immature inflorescences of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L cv. Basmati-370). Callusing from seeds of rice was observed in MS or N6 media with various levels of 2,4-D. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved in both media however, response was better in the presence of Kinetin (2 mg l-1). Using field grown immature inflorescences and embryos induction of callus and regeneration was observed. Cell suspension cultures were initiated from 2-3 months old calli of B-370. A fast growing and finely dispersed cell line of Basmati-370 was established. Regeneration of plants was achieved in MS-0 (no hormone).

PLANT-REGENERATION IN MESOCOTYL CALLUS OF BRASSICA-JUNCEA VAR POORBIRAYA
ABSTRACT:
Mesocotyl segments of Brassica juncea var. poorbiraya from in vitro grown seedlings were tested for their callogenic and thence morphogenic potential with various treatments of plant growth regulators. Calli grown at 1.0 mg/l of BAP gave a maximum frequencey(2.25 buds/culture) of shoot regeneration. Regenerated buds were induced to root when cultured on half strength MS medium containing IAA @ 0.5 mg/l. Embryogenesis was induced in mesocotyl callus in MS medium containing 2,4-D (0.022 mg/l) + KIN (0.215 mg/l). Phenotype of regenerated plants looked similar to in vitro grown Brassica juncea plants.

THE POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF ARISTOLOCHIA-BRACTEOLATA LAMK (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE)
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Aristolochia bracteolata Lamk. is partially Protogynous. The flower exibits fly-trapping mechanism. Only one pollinator, belonging to the genus Forcipomya (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) is involved. The pollen germination takes place within the dehisced anthers and on perianth parts i.e., within the- trap and the prison, producing the pollen tubes, which ultimately reach the stigma and bring about fertilization. Breeding system study revealed that Aristolochia is self-compatible. Significant difference between treatments (bagged and open - pollinated flowers) in terms of fruit set, fruit and seed weight was observed. In all the 3 populations studied, difference in seed set and seed weight was significant while non-significant in fruit set and fruit weight.

HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN ACACIA-NILOTICA SUBSP INDICA AND ACACIA-NILOTICA SUBSP CUPRESSIFORMIS
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The hybridization between Acacia nilotica subsp. indica and A. nilotica subsp. cupressiformis is substaintiated by the study of phenolic constituents, The hybrids have additive or some new compounds, not present in either parent. Small number of phenolic constituent and their uniform pattern indicate that the Indian population of A. nilotica subsp. indica and the populations of A. nilotica sub sp. cupressiformis from N. Punjab genetically were purer than the populations from Sindh which have higher number of phenolic constituents and a variable pattern.

GENERIC LIMITS IN GENTIANA (GENTIANACEAE) AND RELATED GENERA IN PAKISTAN AND ADJOINING AREAS ALONGWITH A NEW GENUS KURRAMIANA
ABSTRACT:
The genus Gentiana L. (s.l.) is a heteromorphic assemblage. A synthetic approach is adopted to treat Gentiana L (sl.) from Pakistan and adjoining areas by utilizing the data from palynology, seed morphology and chemistry. Nine genera viz., Ciminalis Adans., Gentianodes Love & Love, Qaisera Omer, Aliopsis Omer & Qaiser, Gentianopsis Ma, Aloitis Rafin., Comastoma Toyok., Jaeschkea Kurz and a new genus Kurramiana Omer & Qaiser have been recognized. Gentiana L (s.str.) and Gentianella Moench (s.str.) do not occur in Pakistan and adjoining areas. The generic limits and their affinities of all the taxa have been discussed. A new genus Kurramiana Omer & Qaiser is described, and compared in detail with other related genera. The numerical analysis suggests its affinities with the genus Jaeschkea Kurz.

IPOMOEA SINDICA STAPF, CONVOLVULUS-SCINDICUS STOCKS AND IPOMOEA-ERIOCARPA R BR (CONVOLVULACEAE) - A CLARIFICATION
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Ipomoea sindica Stapf is reinstated as a species distinct from I. eriocarpa R. Br. on the basis of chemotaxonomical and micromorphological evidences. Further, it is made clear that I. sindica Stapf is not based on Convolvulus scindicus stocks.

EVALUATION OF SELECTED GERMPLASM OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA-RADIATA(L) WILCZEK)
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One hundred and twelve mungbean genotypes selected from a broad based local as well as exotic germplasm during last three years, were evaluated for agronomic characters and incidence of yellow mosaic and leaf crinkle virus under natural infection conditions. Twenty eight genotypes were found to be superior on the basis of yield potential and resistance/tolerance to YMV and LCV. A high yielding line (NCM 201) showed resistance to both viral diseases. Maximum CV was observed for pods per plant, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant indicating greater scope of selection for these traits. A strong correlation of yield was observed with pods per plant and biological yield per plant. Large scale testing of selected lines and their utilization in breeding programme would be of great use in mungbean improvement.

ASSIGNMENT OF TAXONOMIC UNITS WITH PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERS TO GROUPS - A MONTE-CARLO METHOD
ABSTRACT:
A Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to assign a new or unclassified operational taxonomic unit (O.T.U.), with variable characters, to the group it is closest to. The method involves a bootstrap resampling plan. The algorithm is limited to binary data but may easily be extended to cope with data sets involving qualitative as well as quantitative characters.