PROF. HAFIZ MOHAMMAD ILYAS HAFIZ (1937-1995)
ABSTRACT:
Prof. Hafiz was born on April 14, 1937 at Lahore. When he was only 9 years old he joined "Madrassa Zia-ul-Uloom, Faiz Bagh", at Lahore where he learned the Holy Quran by heart at the age of 11 years. He passed the Matriculation examination from Islamia High School, Sheranwala Gate, Lahore in 1955 and Intermediate in 1957. He obtained the B.Sc. degree (1959) and M. Sc. degree (1962) from the University of Punjab. The University awarded him the Gold Medal for securing first position in the M.Sc. examination. He also obtained M.S. degree in Genetics and Plant Breeding from the University of Wales, U.K. and a diploma in German Language from Germany. During his stay in Germany he was elected as President ofIslamic Society for 1973-74 session.

AN EMENDATION TO THE GENUS STYPOPODIUM KÜTZ., AND ITS NEW SPECIES FROM THE COAST OF PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Stypopodium shameelii Nizam. et Aisha sp. nov., has been described from the coast of Pakistan. It is characterized by regular tiers of central cells both in cross as well as in longitudinal sections, surfaces of the distal and proximal portions of the frond are elevated and smooth respectively, sporangia scattered in between the hair-lines on both surfaces and restricted to the distal portion of the frond or blade. Vegetative growth occurs by simultaneous transverse and longitudinal segmentations of the apical cells. The genus Srypopodium Kütz., is also emended. The validity of S. tubruqense Nizam. & Godeh is also discussed.

MANGROVES OF KALMAT KHOR, BALOCHISTAN
ABSTRACT:
The mangrove stand of Kalmat Khor, situated in the middle of the Balochistan coastline, is poor most probably due to intensive cutting and lopping for fuel and fodder and absence of any significant source of freshwater. The trees are small with decumbent branches touching the muddy substrate and belong to only one species Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. The zonation pattern is disturbed most probably because of indiscriminate harvesting of trees.

POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN - VI. SALVADORACEAE
ABSTRACT:
Pollen morphology of the family Salvadoraceae has been examined from Pakistan by light and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains are generally radially symmetrical, isopolar, 3-zonocolporate rarely 4zonocolporate, prolate-spheroidal to sub-prolate. Tectum reticulate. Pollen morphology of the family is significantly helpful for delimiting the species.

DETERMINATION OF SEED FATTY ACIDS IN CONSOLIDA SPECIES BY GC-MS
ABSTRACT:
Seed oil content and fatty acid composition of seed lipids in 4 species of Consolida viz., C. oriemalis, C. armeniaca, C. glandulosa and C. hoheneckeri of the family Ranunculaceae are reported. The oil ranges from 44.5 to 53.1 % by dry weight. The 18:1 chain length pattern was dominant fatty acid in seed lipids in all the 4 species examined. Among the total 7 fatty acids, 18:2 was the next abundant lipid component whereas pattern 16:1 and 20:0 were minor constituents in all the four species.

EFFECT OF SUGAR CONCENTRATION ON POLLINIUM GERMINATION IN SOME MEMBERS OF ASCLEPIADACEAE
ABSTRACT:
Effect of sugar concentration on in-vitro pollinium germination in 8 members of Asclepiadaceae viz., Calotropis procera ssp. hamiltonii, Corallima edlllis, Carollima tuIberculata, Ceropegia bulbosa, Glossonema varians, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Pentatropis nivalis and Perglliaria daemia was studied. Although pollinia of each taxa germinated in a wide range of sucrose concentration (Le. 5-40%) but each taxa showed a specific sucrose concentration at which optimal pollinium germination occurred. In P. nivalis and Per. daemia, coiling and beading of pollen tubes occurred at 20-40% sucrose concentrations while in other taxa at 5-15% concentrations. Optimal sucrose concentration required for in-vitro pollinium germination was similar to the average sugar concentration observed in the floral nectar of the studied taxa except in P. nivalis where maximum pollinium germination occurred at 10% sugar concentration as compared to 24% sugar concentration in its floral nectar.

TRANSFORMATION OF ALFALFA (MEDlCAGO SATIVA L.) PLANTS WITH GUS MARKER CONTAINING INTRON
ABSTRACT:
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Regen SY) plants were regenerated from roots induced by inoculation of leaf discs with Agrobacterium rhizogenes containing the vector p35S GUS INT. The DNA transformed to the plant genome with T-DNA based vector contained genes which encoded neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II), that confers resistance to kanamycin and intron containing ß-D glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Histochemical staining for all the tested kanamycin resistant plants exhibited GUS activity and some differences in the phenotypic characters were also noted in the transformed and untransformed plants.

ELECTROPHORETIC EVIDENCE FOR SUBGENERIC AND SECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SOME SPECIES IN VICIA L.
ABSTRACT:
Electrophoretic profiles of native seed protein of 26 species of the genus Vicia representing sections Australe, Vicilla and Cracca in subgenus Vicilla and sections Hypechusa, Peregrinae and Faba in subgenus Vicia have been revealed by PAGE. Numerical analysis of the results indicated that the delimitation of the majority of the examined species agree with their previous classification based on morphological characters. However the grouping of some species i.e., V. dasycarpa, V. haeniscyamus, V. dichronanrha and V. peregrina was found to be anomalous to earlier classifications. V. michauxii is also clearly delimited from the other species.

A COLD SHOCK DURING IMBIBITION IMPROVES GERMINATION OF ACACIA NILOTICA SEEDS
ABSTRACT:
Acacia nilotica seeds collected from Cholistan desert, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, exhibited poor germination profiles both at 37°C and at natural day and night alternating temperature cycle (25/16°C), At 37°C an erratic gennination of 40±10% was obtained with a spread of germination from 6 to 17±2 days, while at alternating temperature cycle (25/16°C) it was 37±7% and 7 to 20±3 days, respectively. A number of physico-chemical treatments failed to improve these germination profiles, Imbibition at 37°C for a specific period followed by a cold shock, a drop in temperature for 14 h, significantly improved germination of seeds.

EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES ON SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH AND PHENOLIC CONTENT OF VIGNA RADIATA
ABSTRACT:
Bayleton showed adverse effects on seed germination of Vigna radiala as compared to Topsin-M. Fungicides also affected root growth as compared to shoot growth. An increase in phenolic content of seedling was also recorded.

FOLIAR ABSORPTION OF 15NH3 BY WHEAT AND RICE VARIETIES
ABSTRACT:
Plant tops are considered as both sink and source of various N gases and other air pollutants which therefore, may influence the gaseous N content of the environment. Five varieties each of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.) viz., Pak-81, LU-26, Sarsabz, Durum and M-143 and rice (Oryza sativa L.) viz., 8as-370, Bas-385, DM-25 , Kashmir Basmati and IR-6, were compared for NH3 absorption and its correlation with leaf area and N content of the plants. Eight week old plants grown in plastic pots were exposed to 15NH3 for 24 h in an air-tight canopy able to provide a limited supply of CO2 . Labelled NH3 was generated by reacting 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate with NaOH in the canopy. Total N and 15N content of the dried and powdered plant material was then determined. Upto 44% in rice and 50% in wheat of the 15NH3 generated in the canopy was assimilated by the plants. Varietal differences in foliar absorption of NH3 were observed. No correlation was obtained between leaf area and the amount of 15NH3 absorbed by different varieties indicating that NH3 absorption was not solely dependent on leaf area and/or photosynthetic activity, of the plants.

HIGH FREQUENCY ADVENTITIOUS PLANT REGENERATION FROM RADICLE EXPLANTS OF AEGLE MARMELOS CORR
ABSTRACT:
A procedure was developed which allows high frequency adventitious shoot regeneration from radicle tissues of Aegle marmelos. Adventitious buds were initiated on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium containing various combinations of benzyl adenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The medium containing 1.0 mg/1 BA and 0.2 mg/1 NAA produced highest number of shoots per explant with maximum frequency of regeneration. Shoots were elongated by transferring explants with shoot buds to a medium with a low concentration (0.1 mg/1) of BA. The shoots grown in medium containing 25 mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA) for one week, when transferred to basal medium produced adventitious roots. Maximum rooting (80%) with 3-6 roots per shoot was achieved.

IN- VITRO PROPAGATION OF (BOUGAINVIUEA SPECTABILIS) THROUGH SHOOT APEX CULTURE
ABSTRACT:
Shoot apices of Bougainvillea spectabilis cv. Texas Dawn were excised and cultured on MS .modified medium containing different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators for shoot growth, multiplication and root induction. Shoot development was observed where BAP 0.25 + NAA 0.25 mg/l were used. Medium containing NAA 0.1 + BAP 2.0 + glutamine 250 mg!l induced maximum number of multiple shoots with higher percentage (70%) of rooting where IBA 5.0 + NAA 5.0 mg/l were added to the medium. The system will provide a means for rapid clonal propagation future.

RESPONSE OF FOUR CHICKPEA VARIETIES AGAINST ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT AND THEIR HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES
ABSTRACT:
Artificial inoculation with a spore suspension of Ascochyta rabiei showed highest leaf and branch infection in Aug424 followed by Pb-1 with maximum resistance in ILCI91 followed by CM72. Histological studies showed that thickness of stem epidermis was significantly higher in ILCI91. Thickness of stem hypodermis was also greater in ILCI91 and CM72 as compared to Pb-1 and Aug424 , with minimum thickness of cortical region in Aug 424. The fungus caused severe damage to different tissues of Aug424 and Pb-1 soon after infection as compared to CM72 and ILCI91.

EEFECT OF SARGASSUM SEAWEED AND MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS IN THE CONTROL OF ROOT ROT DISEASE OF SUNFLOWER
ABSTRACT:
Seaweed viz., Sargassum lenerrumum, S.swartzii and S. wighlii bused as soil amendment alone or with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Paecilomyces Iilacinus significantly (p <0.05) reduced infection of Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani on sunflower. Seaweeds were found less effective or increased Rhizoclonia solani infection. Combined use of seaweed with P.lilacinus and B.japoni cum showed better results against M.phaseolina and F.solani than their separate use. Greater plant height was produced where P.aeruginosa was used with S.swarlzii. Use of P.aeruginosa with S.lenerrumum and P. lilacinus with S.swartzii produced greater fresh weight of shoot than other treatments.

LOCATION OF FUNGI IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA) SEED COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Using agar plate, blotter and deep freezing method, 11 genera and 23 species of fungi were isolated from walnut (Juglans regia) seeds. Agar plate method yielded greater number of fungi. Of the fungi isolated, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp., were found preponderant. Greater number of fungi were isolated from cotyledons followed by shell and axis. .Component plating was helpful in detecting the depth of infection which may be used to determine the disease free seeds and their suitability for human consumption.

DETECTION OF FUSARIUM MONILIFORME SHELD., THE CAUSE OF SEEDLING WILT OF RICE
ABSTRACT:
Among the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium moniliforme Sheld., has been found widely distributed in seeds of different rice cuItivars in Pakistan causing wilt of seedlings (Khan et aI., 1974). Using blotter or agar plate methods, it has been usually difficult to detect and isolate F. moniliforme in pure culture due to the growth of other seedbome fungi such as Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Drechslera spp., and Fusarium spp., on rice seeds (Khan et al., 1988). A comparative study was therefore carried out to find more suitable method by which F. moniliforme could be detected and isolated in pure culture from rice seeds.

ADDITION TO SEED-BORNE MYCOFLORA OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.)
ABSTRACT:
Fenugreek (Trigonellafo.enum-graecum L) used as a condiment is well known for its alkaloids trogonelline, cholesterin, lecithin and choline. Fenugreek has also been used as a green manure for the control of Verticillium dahliae, wilt of cotton (Askarova & Golovchenko, 1962). In the present study, the seed-borne mycoflora of fenugreek has been examined and compared with that given in the Annotated List of Seed-borne Diseases (Richardson, 1979, 1981, 1983) and that of Hashmi (1988) and Khan et al. (1974) where a total of 11 genera and 16 species of fungi have been reported.

OCCURRENCE OF ECTO AND ENDOMYCORRHIZAE IN GALPHIMIA GRACILIS BARTL
ABSTRACT:
Galphimia gracilis Bartl. (Malpighiaceae) is a shrub or a small tree upto 10' in height with yellow flowers. It is a native of Mexico which has since been introduced in Pakistan. During an excavation of root systems of some leguminous herbs growing under the canopy of Galphimia gracilis plants forming a hedge near the faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, ectomycorrhizal associations on the roots of Galphimia gracilis were observed.