POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN -XVI. CORIARIACEAE
ABSTRACT:
Pollen morphology of the family Coriariaceae has been examined from Pakistan by light and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains are generally porate, prolate - spheroidal with scabrate tectum.

POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN -XVI. CORIARIACEAE
ABSTRACT:
Pollen morphology of the family Coriariaceae has been examined from Pakistan by light and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains are generally porate, prolate - spheroidal with scabrate tectum.

A NEW SPECIES AND A STATUS IN THE GENUS FAGONIA FROM PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
While revising the genus Fagonia from Pakistan, a new species: Fagonia elliptica Thbassurn, Orner & Qaiser sp. nov., is recognized, whereas one new status is also proposed.

A NEW SPECIES AND A STATUS IN THE GENUS FAGONIA FROM PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
While revising the genus Fagonia from Pakistan, a new species: Fagonia elliptica Thbassurn, Orner & Qaiser sp. nov., is recognized, whereas one new status is also proposed.

MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS UVULARIA AND RELATED TAXA BASED UPON rbcL GENE SEQUENCE DATA
ABSTRACT:
To elucidate the phylogeny of the endemic North American genus Uvularia and related taxa, the chloroplast gene rbcL was sequenced in all the 5 species of the genus. The rbcL sequence data of 12 other genera viz., Tricyrtis. Disporum. Prosartes. Streptopus. Clintonia, Polygonatum, Medeola, Gloriosa. Colchicum. Veratrum. Dioscorea and Scilla representing different orders of Liliflorae were also analyzed to assess phylogenetic relationships among genera.

MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS UVULARIA AND RELATED TAXA BASED UPON rbcL GENE SEQUENCE DATA
ABSTRACT:
To elucidate the phylogeny of the endemic North American genus Uvularia and related taxa, the chloroplast gene rbcL was sequenced in all the 5 species of the genus. The rbcL sequence data of 12 other genera viz., Tricyrtis. Disporum. Prosartes. Streptopus. Clintonia, Polygonatum, Medeola, Gloriosa. Colchicum. Veratrum. Dioscorea and Scilla representing different orders of Liliflorae were also analyzed to assess phylogenetic relationships among genera.

SEED MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SILENE L., FROM TURKEY
ABSTRACT:
The genus Silene L.. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey have been studied for their seed morphology. A total of 19 species of which 3 are endemic belonging to 12 sections were studied. The seeds show variation in their morphology. The seed morphology as studied show section specific observations.

SEED MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SILENE L., FROM TURKEY
ABSTRACT:
The genus Silene L.. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey have been studied for their seed morphology. A total of 19 species of which 3 are endemic belonging to 12 sections were studied. The seeds show variation in their morphology. The seed morphology as studied show section specific observations.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL HALOPHYTE ARTHROCNEMUM MACROSTACHYUM
ABSTRACT:
Seed bank and morphological characteristics of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum population along an inundation gradient are described. The seed density increased substantially from lower marsh (2987 seed m-2) to upper marsh (141,509 seed m-2) The seed bank contained only dominant species in the lower marsh, however, the number of species in the seed bank increased towards the upper marsh. A. macrostachyum constituted about 97 % of the seed bank. Density and height of plants were higher in the middle marsh. Plant cover and number of branches were lowest in lower marsh and increased substantially in next zone, with no significant differences among other zones. Dry weight accumulation was highest in lower-middle marsh.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL HALOPHYTE ARTHROCNEMUM MACROSTACHYUM
ABSTRACT:
Seed bank and morphological characteristics of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum population along an inundation gradient are described. The seed density increased substantially from lower marsh (2987 seed m-2) to upper marsh (141,509 seed m-2) The seed bank contained only dominant species in the lower marsh, however, the number of species in the seed bank increased towards the upper marsh. A. macrostachyum constituted about 97 % of the seed bank. Density and height of plants were higher in the middle marsh. Plant cover and number of branches were lowest in lower marsh and increased substantially in next zone, with no significant differences among other zones. Dry weight accumulation was highest in lower-middle marsh.

COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS OF MEASURING NITROGEN FIXATION IN FIELD GROWN CHICKPEA GENOTYPES
ABSTRACT:
Field experiments were conducted to study the nitrogen fixing potential of cultivars and breeding lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) where 20 chickpea genotypes were compared using the 15N isotope dilution technique, acetylene reduction assay (ARA) and yield parameters such as biomass, grain and total nitrogen. Great differences in nitrogen fixation were observed between and within the experiments. Proportion of nitrogen fixed from air (Pfix) and nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa) ranged from 23-68 % and 4-61 kg ha-1 for the first year and 37-62 % and 24-60 kg ha-1 for the second year, respectively. There was highly significant correlation between yield and N2 -fixation but these were non-significantly correlated with nodulation data and ARA. The nodulation and ARA data were not good for field evaluation of chickpea cultivars suggesting that simple yield parameters like grain and total nitrogen yield could be used to screen a large gerrnplasm in field as compared to highly expensive and laborious 15N dilution technique.

COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS OF MEASURING NITROGEN FIXATION IN FIELD GROWN CHICKPEA GENOTYPES
ABSTRACT:
Field experiments were conducted to study the nitrogen fixing potential of cultivars and breeding lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) where 20 chickpea genotypes were compared using the 15N isotope dilution technique, acetylene reduction assay (ARA) and yield parameters such as biomass, grain and total nitrogen. Great differences in nitrogen fixation were observed between and within the experiments. Proportion of nitrogen fixed from air (Pfix) and nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa) ranged from 23-68 % and 4-61 kg ha-1 for the first year and 37-62 % and 24-60 kg ha-1 for the second year, respectively. There was highly significant correlation between yield and N2 -fixation but these were non-significantly correlated with nodulation data and ARA. The nodulation and ARA data were not good for field evaluation of chickpea cultivars suggesting that simple yield parameters like grain and total nitrogen yield could be used to screen a large gerrnplasm in field as compared to highly expensive and laborious 15N dilution technique.

COMPARISON BETWEEN F1 ' S AND THEIR PARENTAL GENOTYPES FOR THE PATTERNS OF CHARACTER CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENTSIN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM)
ABSTRACT:
A study was undertaken to estimate the level and pattern of correlation between various plant characters including grain yield, separately in 28 Fls and 18 homozygous parental genotypes of chickpea grown under similar conditions. The correlation coefficients were partitioned into direct and indirect effects through path analysis. Highly significant genetic differences were recorded for all the characters studied both in F1 and parental lines. A comparison between F1 populations and parental lines revealed that the ranges of genotypic variations in F1 were greater than their corresponding ranges in parental lines. Study of correlation coefficients revealed that genetic correlation's in F1's as well as in parental lines were higher than phenotypic correlations. Positive and highly significant genetic correlation of grain yield in parental genotypes was observed with number of primary and secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, l00-seed weight and biologkal yield per plant, whereas in F1 highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield was noted only with number of secondary branches, pods per plant and biological yield per plant. However, F1 and parental genotypes appeared to be similar with respect to the pattern of correlation of grain yield with other plant characters except 100 seed weight. The correlation of l00-seed weight with grain yield in F1 was negative and highly significant, whereas it was positive and highly significant in the case of parents. The study of correlation coefficients between yield components showed that the pattern of correlations between plant height and secondary branches, primary branches and l00-seed weight, biological yield and l00-seed weight and between harvest index and l00-seed weight were dissimilar in F1 and parental genotypes. The results of path analysis showed harvest index and biological yield to have maximum direct effect on grain yield respectively in parental lines and F1 genotypes. These results showed that the pattern and level of association between various plant characters in F1 and parental genotypes were not similar for all the cases. However, the level and pattern of correlation of grain yield with number of secondary branches, number of pods and biological yield per plant were similar in both the sets of genotypes.

COMPARISON BETWEEN F1 ' S AND THEIR PARENTAL GENOTYPES FOR THE PATTERNS OF CHARACTER CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENTSIN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM)
ABSTRACT:
A study was undertaken to estimate the level and pattern of correlation between various plant characters including grain yield, separately in 28 Fls and 18 homozygous parental genotypes of chickpea grown under similar conditions. The correlation coefficients were partitioned into direct and indirect effects through path analysis. Highly significant genetic differences were recorded for all the characters studied both in F1 and parental lines. A comparison between F1 populations and parental lines revealed that the ranges of genotypic variations in F1 were greater than their corresponding ranges in parental lines. Study of correlation coefficients revealed that genetic correlation's in F1's as well as in parental lines were higher than phenotypic correlations. Positive and highly significant genetic correlation of grain yield in parental genotypes was observed with number of primary and secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, l00-seed weight and biologkal yield per plant, whereas in F1 highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield was noted only with number of secondary branches, pods per plant and biological yield per plant. However, F1 and parental genotypes appeared to be similar with respect to the pattern of correlation of grain yield with other plant characters except 100 seed weight. The correlation of l00-seed weight with grain yield in F1 was negative and highly significant, whereas it was positive and highly significant in the case of parents. The study of correlation coefficients between yield components showed that the pattern of correlations between plant height and secondary branches, primary branches and l00-seed weight, biological yield and l00-seed weight and between harvest index and l00-seed weight were dissimilar in F1 and parental genotypes. The results of path analysis showed harvest index and biological yield to have maximum direct effect on grain yield respectively in parental lines and F1 genotypes. These results showed that the pattern and level of association between various plant characters in F1 and parental genotypes were not similar for all the cases. However, the level and pattern of correlation of grain yield with number of secondary branches, number of pods and biological yield per plant were similar in both the sets of genotypes.

EFFECT OF SOWING TIME, CROP DENSITY AND WEED CONTROL ON THE HEADING AND MATURITY OF BREAD WHEAT
ABSTRACT:
A series of field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak (Nowshera) NWFP, to study the effect of sowing time, crop density and weed control on heading and maturity of bread wheat. The data revealed that planting dates viz., October 15, November 15 and December 15 had significant effects on days to heading and days to maturity. Maximum days to heading and days to maturity were observed in November 15 planting. Further data indicated that maximum days to heading and maturity were in planting density of 100 and 150 kg per hectare seeding which was statistically at par with 100 kg seeding per hectare for days to maturity only. The results further demonstrated significant difference between weed control methods for days to maturity only. Maximum days to heading and maturity were found in no weeding plots whereas minimum days to maturity were found in chemical weeding and hand weeding plots.

EFFECT OF SOWING TIME, CROP DENSITY AND WEED CONTROL ON THE HEADING AND MATURITY OF BREAD WHEAT
ABSTRACT:
A series of field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak (Nowshera) NWFP, to study the effect of sowing time, crop density and weed control on heading and maturity of bread wheat. The data revealed that planting dates viz., October 15, November 15 and December 15 had significant effects on days to heading and days to maturity. Maximum days to heading and days to maturity were observed in November 15 planting. Further data indicated that maximum days to heading and maturity were in planting density of 100 and 150 kg per hectare seeding which was statistically at par with 100 kg seeding per hectare for days to maturity only. The results further demonstrated significant difference between weed control methods for days to maturity only. Maximum days to heading and maturity were found in no weeding plots whereas minimum days to maturity were found in chemical weeding and hand weeding plots.

EVALUATION OF BLACKGRAM VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER GERMPLASM
ABSTRACT:
Two hundred and eighty five blackgram germplasm accessions, collected from different parts of Pakistan were evaluated for morphological and agronomical traits. The evaluation results based on basic statistics and correlation studies blazed good hope for blackgram improvement through simple selection for maturity, branches, pods, biomass, grain yield and harvest index. Classification of quantitative traits showed some outstanding accessions with unique traits which could be exploited directly or be included in hybridization programme for blackgram improvement. Data analyzed on the basis of harvest index revealed that the genotypes within 25 to 40% harvest index exhibited better performance for most of the yield contributing traits. As a result of these findings

EVALUATION OF BLACKGRAM VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER GERMPLASM
ABSTRACT:
Two hundred and eighty five blackgram germplasm accessions, collected from different parts of Pakistan were evaluated for morphological and agronomical traits. The evaluation results based on basic statistics and correlation studies blazed good hope for blackgram improvement through simple selection for maturity, branches, pods, biomass, grain yield and harvest index. Classification of quantitative traits showed some outstanding accessions with unique traits which could be exploited directly or be included in hybridization programme for blackgram improvement. Data analyzed on the basis of harvest index revealed that the genotypes within 25 to 40% harvest index exhibited better performance for most of the yield contributing traits. As a result of these findings

ENHANCEMENT OF HARVESTABLE MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) FRUIT YIELD BY SALICYLIC AND METHYL-2,6 DICHLOROISONICOTINIC ACIDS
ABSTRACT:
The effect of aqueous sprays of salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and methyl-2,6 dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) , which mimics SA action, was investigated and compared with naphthaleneacetic acid, Ag and Co ions sprayed on juvenile fruits at pea size (5-6 mm) and two weeks later when they had attained marble size (10-15 mm). All the chemicals significantly (P(0.05) enhanced harvestable fruits in all the three cultivars tested. Considering the cost, easy availability and convenience of preparing aqueous solution, use of soluble ASA is suggested.

ENHANCEMENT OF HARVESTABLE MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) FRUIT YIELD BY SALICYLIC AND METHYL-2,6 DICHLOROISONICOTINIC ACIDS
ABSTRACT:
The effect of aqueous sprays of salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and methyl-2,6 dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) , which mimics SA action, was investigated and compared with naphthaleneacetic acid, Ag and Co ions sprayed on juvenile fruits at pea size (5-6 mm) and two weeks later when they had attained marble size (10-15 mm). All the chemicals significantly (P(0.05) enhanced harvestable fruits in all the three cultivars tested. Considering the cost, easy availability and convenience of preparing aqueous solution, use of soluble ASA is suggested.

ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF DRY FRUITS OF WASHINGTONIA FILIFERA (L. LINDEN) H. WENDL III. INHIBITORS OF GERMINATION AND GROWTH
ABSTRACT:
Gennination and growth inhibiting activity of water soluble extract of Washingtonia filifera fruits was investigated. Paper chromatographic separation of the extract revealed the presence of two inhibiting zones of germination and growth. The fast moving beta - inhibitor was further separated by TLC into four components, one of which appears to be abscissic acid ( ABA) and the rest phenolic substances. Gibberellic acid (GA3) was found to neutralize the gennination and growth inhibiting ability of the inhibitor beta-complex. Besides these, a slow moving inhibitory zone of gennination and growth was due to the presence of phenolic substance.

ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF DRY FRUITS OF WASHINGTONIA FILIFERA (L. LINDEN) H. WENDL III. INHIBITORS OF GERMINATION AND GROWTH
ABSTRACT:
Gennination and growth inhibiting activity of water soluble extract of Washingtonia filifera fruits was investigated. Paper chromatographic separation of the extract revealed the presence of two inhibiting zones of germination and growth. The fast moving beta - inhibitor was further separated by TLC into four components, one of which appears to be abscissic acid ( ABA) and the rest phenolic substances. Gibberellic acid (GA3) was found to neutralize the gennination and growth inhibiting ability of the inhibitor beta-complex. Besides these, a slow moving inhibitory zone of gennination and growth was due to the presence of phenolic substance.

IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN SUGARCANE
ABSTRACT:
Two sugarcane clones viz., AEC81-8415 and BL4 were tested for in vitro mutagenesis using irradiation doses of 0

IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN SUGARCANE
ABSTRACT:
Two sugarcane clones viz., AEC81-8415 and BL4 were tested for in vitro mutagenesis using irradiation doses of 0

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE IN COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] TO BLACKEYE COWPEA MOSAIC POTYVIRUS
ABSTRACT:
In order to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus in 6 cowpea lines, direct, reciprocal and back crosses were attempted between resistant and susceptible parents. The data from F1 populations suggested the dominant nature of susceptibility. The number of resistant and susceptible plants in F2 progenies of each cross segregated in a ratio of 1 resistant: 3 susceptible. The observed ratios were compared with the expected monogenic recessive model for goodness of fit using chisquare test. Based on the results obtained from F1, F 2 and back crosses, it is concluded that the resistance in the 6 cowpea lines viz., IT86F-2089-5, IT86D-880, IT90K-76, IT86D-1010, IT86F-2062-5 and BPICP3 is conditioned by a single homozygous recessive gene. The symbol for this gene is proposed as "bcm" (blackeye cowpea mosaic).

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE IN COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] TO BLACKEYE COWPEA MOSAIC POTYVIRUS
ABSTRACT:
In order to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus in 6 cowpea lines, direct, reciprocal and back crosses were attempted between resistant and susceptible parents. The data from F1 populations suggested the dominant nature of susceptibility. The number of resistant and susceptible plants in F2 progenies of each cross segregated in a ratio of 1 resistant: 3 susceptible. The observed ratios were compared with the expected monogenic recessive model for goodness of fit using chisquare test. Based on the results obtained from F1, F 2 and back crosses, it is concluded that the resistance in the 6 cowpea lines viz., IT86F-2089-5, IT86D-880, IT90K-76, IT86D-1010, IT86F-2062-5 and BPICP3 is conditioned by a single homozygous recessive gene. The symbol for this gene is proposed as "bcm" (blackeye cowpea mosaic).

SEIMATOSPORIELLA GEN. NOY., AN ADDITION TO COELOMYCETES FROM PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Seimatosporiella salvadore gen. et sp. nov., is proposed for a species found on Salvadora oleoides. It has pycnidial to eustromatic conidiomata. Conidia brown, cylindrical to fusiform to clavate, minutely verruculose, straight or curved with 3 transversely eusepta, apical cell conic, brown, rarely hyaline; basal cell hyaline tapered towards the truncate base. The genus is compared with Exosporiella, Bactrodesmium, Endocoryneum, Seimatosporium, Pestalotiopsis and Neohendersonia. Nature of appendage in Exosporiella is illustrated and discussed and compared with appendaged bearing related genera.

SEIMATOSPORIELLA GEN. NOY., AN ADDITION TO COELOMYCETES FROM PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Seimatosporiella salvadore gen. et sp. nov., is proposed for a species found on Salvadora oleoides. It has pycnidial to eustromatic conidiomata. Conidia brown, cylindrical to fusiform to clavate, minutely verruculose, straight or curved with 3 transversely eusepta, apical cell conic, brown, rarely hyaline; basal cell hyaline tapered towards the truncate base. The genus is compared with Exosporiella, Bactrodesmium, Endocoryneum, Seimatosporium, Pestalotiopsis and Neohendersonia. Nature of appendage in Exosporiella is illustrated and discussed and compared with appendaged bearing related genera.

EFFECT OF RHIZOBIA AND FUNGAL ANTAGONISTS IN THE CONTROL OF ROOT INFECTING FUNGI ON SUNFLOWER AND CHICKPEA
ABSTRACT:
Use of Bradyrhizobium spp.. (chickpea isolate and mungbean isolate) and Rhizobium trifolii (berseem isolate) with or without fungal antagonists viz., Paecilomyces lilacinus. Memnoniella echinata. Trichoderma harzianum and Stachybotrys atra significantly (p<0.05) controlled Macrophomina phaseolina. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani infection on sunflower and chickpea. Use of rhizobia with fungal antagonists showed better results in the control of root infecting fungi with enhancement in plant growth.

EFFECT OF RHIZOBIA AND FUNGAL ANTAGONISTS IN THE CONTROL OF ROOT INFECTING FUNGI ON SUNFLOWER AND CHICKPEA
ABSTRACT:
Use of Bradyrhizobium spp.. (chickpea isolate and mungbean isolate) and Rhizobium trifolii (berseem isolate) with or without fungal antagonists viz., Paecilomyces lilacinus. Memnoniella echinata. Trichoderma harzianum and Stachybotrys atra significantly (p<0.05) controlled Macrophomina phaseolina. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani infection on sunflower and chickpea. Use of rhizobia with fungal antagonists showed better results in the control of root infecting fungi with enhancement in plant growth.

EFFECT OF SCLEROTIAL INOCULUM DENSITY OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ON CHARCOAL ROT OF SUNFLOWER
ABSTRACT:
Infection and colonization of Macrophomina phaseolina increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase in sclerotial population in soiL No significant difference in shoot length was observed in different treatments. In seed inoculation experiment, size of inoculated plants was significantly smaller than the uninoculated plants (p<0.001). Infection of root by M. phaseolina was significantly greater in treated plants as compared to control (p<0.05) which showed significant increase with the increase in time (p<0.001).

EFFECT OF SCLEROTIAL INOCULUM DENSITY OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ON CHARCOAL ROT OF SUNFLOWER
ABSTRACT:
Infection and colonization of Macrophomina phaseolina increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase in sclerotial population in soiL No significant difference in shoot length was observed in different treatments. In seed inoculation experiment, size of inoculated plants was significantly smaller than the uninoculated plants (p<0.001). Infection of root by M. phaseolina was significantly greater in treated plants as compared to control (p<0.05) which showed significant increase with the increase in time (p<0.001).

EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN SUNFLOWER SEED
ABSTRACT:
Sunflower seeds inoculated with toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus showed a reduction in seed germination whereas seed treattnent with fungicides viz., Captan, Bay tan and Benomyl significantly increased seed germination and decreased infection of A. flavus. Seed treattnent with fungicides before inoculation with A. flavus was found more effective in reducing infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin production.

EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN SUNFLOWER SEED
ABSTRACT:
Sunflower seeds inoculated with toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus showed a reduction in seed germination whereas seed treattnent with fungicides viz., Captan, Bay tan and Benomyl significantly increased seed germination and decreased infection of A. flavus. Seed treattnent with fungicides before inoculation with A. flavus was found more effective in reducing infection by A. flavus and aflatoxin production.

A DATABASE TO HELP IN THE DETERMINATION OF SPECIES THAT CONFIRM THE DIET OF HERBIVOROUS WHEN MICRO HISTOLOGY IS USED
ABSTRACT:
A software was developed in order to help the management of reference collections when microhistology is used to determine herbivorous diet. This software represents a useful tool in the redetermination of the epidermis and comparisons of similar epidermis. Microsoft Fox Pro 2.6 for Windows was used to create the databases and programs because it supports several types of data such as numeric, alphanumeric and digitalized images. Running the program does not need high amounts of memory, so it can be executed in conjunction with other programs, without causing any trouble, even though the Diet program is image user.

A DATABASE TO HELP IN THE DETERMINATION OF SPECIES THAT CONFIRM THE DIET OF HERBIVOROUS WHEN MICRO HISTOLOGY IS USED
ABSTRACT:
A software was developed in order to help the management of reference collections when microhistology is used to determine herbivorous diet. This software represents a useful tool in the redetermination of the epidermis and comparisons of similar epidermis. Microsoft Fox Pro 2.6 for Windows was used to create the databases and programs because it supports several types of data such as numeric, alphanumeric and digitalized images. Running the program does not need high amounts of memory, so it can be executed in conjunction with other programs, without causing any trouble, even though the Diet program is image user.

VALIDITY OF SCINAIA SAIFULLAHII (FLORIDEOPHYCEAE)
ABSTRACT:
During a survey of the marine algal flora, a variety of forms attributed to the genus Scinaia Bivona-Bernardi (Galaxauraceae, Bonnemaisoniales) were found growing along the coast of Pakistan (Shameel et al.

VALIDITY OF SCINAIA SAIFULLAHII (FLORIDEOPHYCEAE)
ABSTRACT:
During a survey of the marine algal flora, a variety of forms attributed to the genus Scinaia Bivona-Bernardi (Galaxauraceae, Bonnemaisoniales) were found growing along the coast of Pakistan (Shameel et al.

OOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF BAJOUR AGENCY, FATA, PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Although comprehensive lists of saprophytic and plant parasitic fungi from Pakistan are available, the Oomycetes are among the less studied group of fungi where 8 genera comprising of 35 species have been recorded from Pakistan (Ahmad

OOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF BAJOUR AGENCY, FATA, PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
Although comprehensive lists of saprophytic and plant parasitic fungi from Pakistan are available, the Oomycetes are among the less studied group of fungi where 8 genera comprising of 35 species have been recorded from Pakistan (Ahmad