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Abstract

The crude extract of bioactive compounds, zerumbone and α-humulene, from Lempoyang ginger (Z. zerumbet (L.) Smith) rhizome biomass faces challenges in achieving optimal yields due to variations in extraction parameters. Current methods lack standardized conditions, leading to inconsistent recovery rates of these valuable compounds. This study aimed to improve the Soxhlet extraction parameters, including the type of extraction solvent, solid-to-solvent ratio, average particle size, and thermal extraction duration, to maximize the yield of zerumbone and α-humulene. Results showed that optimal recovery of zerumbone (49.24 ± 0.85 mg/g yield) was achieved using dichloromethane (DCM) as the solvent, with biomass particle size of <180 µm, and an extraction duration of 2 hours. The highest yield of α-humulene (12.47 ± 0.14 mg/g) was obtained with ethanol as the solvent, with a particle size of <180 µm and a 6-hour extraction duration. These findings establish optimal extraction parameters that enhance the recovery of zerumbone and α-humulene from Z. .zerumbet dried biomass. The optimized method enables scalable post-harvest processing, supporting the integration of Z. zerumbet into the agri-based and herbal industry to strengthen the phytochemical supply chain

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